Question

Question #: 10
It is well known that the use of urinary catheters conveys a substantial risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). A group of physicians believe that, in an intensive care setting, use of one particular type of urinary catheter is more likely to encourage infection than use of other types. They therefore review medical records over a recent period for all uses of urinary catheters in an ICU. They find that 200 new UTI's occurred during 1000 ICU patient-days of catheterization with the suspect type of catheter, as compared to 100 new UTI's during 5000 ICU-patient days of catheterization with all other types. Noting the increased frequency of new UTI's when the suspect catheter type is used, they regard their hypothesis as confirmed. To reduce nosocomial UTI's, they recommend discontinuing use of that type of catheter in the ICU.
What type of study is this? (2 points)
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case-Control
C. Retrospective cohort D. Prospective cohort
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Question #: 11
In a study of an outbreak of meninogoccal disease, 83% of cases were found to have recently patronized a particular establishment, as compared to only 16% of comparable individuals who had not contracted this disease. This evidence was used to support a claim that transmission of the disease may have occurred in the establishment.
What type of study is this? (1 point)
A. Cross-sectional
B. Case-control
C. Retrospective cohort D. Prospective cohort

Answer 1

C. Retrospective cohort study

In retrospective cohort study a known disease (urinary tract infection) is being discussed and evaluated. The study is focused to track the reason of disease spread (review medical records) in the past and the time and reason of such exposure.

A. Case control study

In a case control study a comparison is made between patients with disease (cases-83%) and patients without disease (control-16%) and then study the evidence of transmission in the past.