Question

What are the factors affecting nutrition in the elderly, discuss and explain why? 2. Which nutrient...

What are the factors affecting nutrition in the elderly, discuss and explain why?
2. Which nutrient do the elderly have problem absorbing?
3. Get the nutritional status of your grandmother or grandfather (aged 65 y/o up) using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. If there will be a problem regarding the result of nutritional status of your love ones, how can you help them to improve their nutritional status?

Homework Answers

Answer #1

1)

The factors affecting nutrition in the elderly are :-

  • Difficulty in swallowing : Elderly people have difficulty in swallowing. This is due to the normal aging along with shrinking of brain, diminishing nerve function, and a decline in the muscles used for swallowing.
  • Loss of appetite : Changes in digestive system, hormones, and senses contributes to the decrease in appetite which makes difficult for elderly people to get enough nutrients.
  • Dental health : Broken and missing teeth, oral hygiene, mouth sores, etc causes difficulty in chewing foods for elderly people.
  • Impaired taste and smell sensation : Elderly people have fewer taste buds and their sense of smell diminishes with age. This causes reduction in appetite.
  • Nutrient metabolism : Elderly people have difficulty in absorbing some nutrients from foods and producing certain nutrients.
  • Depression : This can result in dehydration, physical illnesses, and malnutrition in elderly people.
  • Poverty : Low financial status makes it difficult for many elderly people to afford nutrient rich foods.
  • Disease : Diseases associated with aging such as cancer, heart disease, neurodegenerative diseases, renal disease, etc can decrease appetite and affects the normal eating pattern in elderly people.

2)

The nutrient which the elderly people have difficulty in absorbing is vitamin B12, Iron, Calcium, Folic acid, Potassium, Protein, etc.

3)

The nutritional status of any one elderly person in my family based on Mini Nutritional Assessment :

Screening :

A) Has food intake declined over past 3 months due to loss of appetite, digestive problems, chewing, or swallowing difficulties?

Score : 1 ( moderate decrease in food intake )

B) Weight loss during the last 3 months.

Score : 2 ( weight loss between 1 and 3 kg )

C) Mobility.

Score : 2 ( goes out )

D) Has suffered psychological stress or acute disease in the past 3 months.

Score : 2 ( No )

E) Neuropsychological problems.

Score : 2 ( No psychological problems )

F1) Body Mass Index (BMI)

Score : 2 ( BMI 21 to less than 23 )

Total Screening Score : A+B+C+D+E+F1 = 11

This screening score points that the elderly person is "at the risk of malnutrition"

If there is problem regarding the result of nutritional status of our loved ones, then we could help them to improve their nutritional status by the following ways :

  • By encouraging them to eat frequent, small, high energy, nutritious diets.
  • Identification and treatment of the causes of loss of appetite and weight loss.
  • By providing the medications that would increase the absorption of the nutrients in their digestive system.

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