Question

1- Describe the differences between an Ileostomy and a colostomy.

2- For which conditions do we use these procedures?

3- What IV size and type of fluid do we use for blood transfusions ?

4- What is considered a hemolytic reaction?

5- How is the fluid overload treated after a blood transfusion?

Answer 1

1) Ileostomy creates an opening (stoma) from the ileum to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall. In ileostomy you have liquid stools.

Colostomy creates an opening (stoma) from the colon to the outside of the body through the abdominal wall. In this you have fully formed stools.

Ileostomy

2)

• cancer of the colon, rectum
• an inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease
• familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

• a blockage in the intestine (called a bowel obstruction)
• an injury that damages the intestine
• diverticulitis
• birth defects of the intestines.
• 3) In Adults 20 to 22 or 3 french catheter, 16 - 18 gauge IV cannula for rapid transfusion. In peadiatrics the minimum size is 22 to 25 gauge. Fluid used for blood transfusions is Normal saline 0.9%

• 4) It is a serious complication that can occur after blood transfusion. The reaction occurs when red blood cells that were given during the transfusion are distroyed by the persons immune system.When red blood cells are destroyed the process is called Hemolysis.
• 5) Stop the blood transfusion , removing the excessive fluid.
• move the patient to fowlers position, connect the oxygen 3 ltr/hr.
• Diuretics should be Administered eg . Furosemide (Lasix)