Question

1. From an anatomical and physiological perspective, describe the menstrual cycle. Pay special attention to the hormonal changes during the cycle. When is a woman most fertile? What are the physical and emotional changes that tend to occur during this cycle and why do these occur?

Answer 1

Menstrual cycle

?Uterine phase: continue for 4 to 5 days

When ovum is not fertilized , the corpus luteum starts to degenerate and the menstrual discharge starts consisting 50 to 150 ml of blood, tissue fluid, mucus, and epithelial cells she'd from endometrium.

Prostaglandin reaches highest.

Estrogen and progesterone levels are relatively low,, stimulating the release of FSH, combined with a steady low level of LH secretion, ovarian estrogen secretion begins.

?Proliferative phase ( follicular stage) lasted for 6 to 13 days.

Rising level of estradiol exert positive feedback on FSH secretion and positive feedback on LH secretion.

?Ovulation phase: usually occur on day 14 in a 28day cycle

It is rupture of dominant follicle and release of 2 degree oocyte into the pelvic cavity.

As a result of surge of LH, ovulation occurs.

Ovulation takes place 14days before menstruation.

?Postovulatory:it lasts from 15 to 28 day

In this progesterone and estrogen are secreted in large quantity by corpus luteum of ovary, and uterine endometrium thickens to become glandular with a high glycogen secsecretion. If fertilization does not take place then progesterone and estrogen levels are drops and first phase of cycle begins.

?Women most fertile on 14th day, because ovulation occurring on this day.

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?Physical changes:increased basal body temperature, clear stretchy cervicsl mucus, and abdominal pain on ovulation phase, because of increased LH.

Other physical change are bleeding, and increased body temperature in menstrual phase, nausea, abdominal pain, etc are also due to hormonal changes.

?Emotional changes: mood changes occurring in women's, and differ from each one. These all due to hormonal changes.