Question

Read the following abstracts and come prepared to class to answer the following questions for each abstract:

1. What are the independent variable(s) in this study?

2. What are the dependent variables in this study?

3. What type of research approach was used in the study? Is it quantitative and qualitative, Why?

4. Is the study prospective or retrospective in nature? Why?

5. Is the study experimental or non-experimental in design? Why? What type of research is this study?

Abstract #1 An online learning module focused on smoking education and prevention for college students D'Abundo ML; Marinaro LM; Fiala KA Department of Health and Applied Human Sciences, University of North Carolina-Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA. [email protected] Journal of Allied Health (J ALLIED HEALTH), 2010 Spring; 39 (1): 43-8. The purpose of this research was to pilot-test the effectiveness of an online learning module focused on smoking for an undergraduate general education fitness and wellness course. Students enrolled in a required fitness and wellness course were given the opportunity to participate. Participants (n = 510) completed a brief demographic questionnaire and a 10-question pretest about the effects of smoking before viewing a 15-minute presentation about the effects of smoking and completing the same 10 questions as a post-test. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate knowledge gains. An overall time effect was observed (pretest score 4.9 +/- 1.3, post-test score 7.2 +/- 2.1). Significantly greater knowledge gains were found in nonsmokers (2.1 +/- 2.2) than in smokers (1.1 +/- 2.2). Females (2.3 +/- 2.3) had significantly greater knowledge gains than males (1.5 +/- 2.2). Evidence supporting the effectiveness of the online learning module included significant knowledge gains for both smokers and nonsmokers, and the participants who smoked agreed the online learning module encouraged them to quit. In this research, students were also grouped by major (health-related majors vs non-health-related). There were 118 health-related majors in the sample, with 110 of those students completing the entire learning module. In this research, a learning module for college students was developed, but practical applications are provided not only for college health instructors but also for allied health professionals.

Answer 1

ANSWER 1

Online learning education on Smoking is the Independent variable in this study. Because, An independent variable is the variable belived to affect the dependent variable.This is the variable that the the researcher will manipulate to see if it make the dependant variable change.

ANSWER 2

Dependent variable in this study is Smoking education and Prevention of Smoking.Because the Dependent variable is the variable a resercher is interested in.

ANSWER 3

This is a Quantitative Research.

A Quantitative Research is explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data that are analysed using mathematically based methods.

ANSWER 4

This is a Retrospective study which compares groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic.eg: college students who smokes and ones who donot smokes

ANSWER 5

This is an Experimental Research because an experimental Research is the type of research that uses a scientific approach towards manipulating one or more control variables of the research subject(S) and meassuring the effect on this manipulation on the subject.

The main types of Experimental Research are

• PRE-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• QUASI EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH