Question

1.Every year for the past 30 years, prevalence of Disease X increased while incidence of Disease X decreased. Which of the following could logically be true about Disease X?

Group of answer choices

a.The disease became more fatal with a higher case-fatality rate

b.New treatments improved life expectancy for those living with the disease

c.Prevention became more difficult leading to increased frequency of infection

d.The average length of time between onset and death from the disease became shorter

2.Compared to active surveillance, passive surveillance is:

Group of answer choices

a.more expensive and requires special project staff

b.more accurate and less subject to underreporting

c. less expensive and easier to implement initially.

d. better for outbreaks and cluster investigations

3.Among hospital inpatients during the month of June, a total of 12 were admitted with UTI (urinary tract infection). For the same month, the hospital inpatient census was 2400. The cumulative incidence (or incidence proportion) of UTI for the month of June per 1000 patients is:

Group of answer choices

a.83 per 1000 patients

b.29 per 1000 patients

c.5 per 1000 patients

d. 12 per 1000 patients

4.The question, “have you taken prescription drugs during the past two weeks?” is used to assess:

a.point prevalence

b.period prevalence

c.incidence density

d.cumulative incidence

e. incidence rate

4. Person-years would be found in the denominator of in which measure:

Group of answer choices

a.the period prevalence of a disease

b. the cumulative incidence (or incidence proportion) of a disease

c.the duration of a disease

d.the point prevalence of a disease

e. the incidence rate (incidence density) of a disease

5. True or False: Person-time is an estimate of the actual time-at-risk in years, months, or days that all persons contributed to a study.

Group of answer choices

Answer 1

1) b. New treatments improved life expectancy for those living with the disease.

because the incidents of  disease X is decreasing new treatments for the sufferers  can be a good and logical way to decrease mortality rate.

2) d. . better for outbreaks and cluster investigations :

Passive surveillance is the most common type of surveillance in humanitarian emergencies. Most surveillance for communicable diseases is passive. The surveillance coordinator may provide training to health workers in how to complete the surveillance forms, and may even send someone to periodically collect forms from health facilities. But little attention is given to individual health workers who report the information.

3) d. 12 per thousand patient :

Cumulative incidence is calculated as the number of new events or cases of disease divided by the total number of individuals in the population at risk for a specific time interval.  The standard way of expressing this would be to say  12/1000 = 0.012 or about 12 per thousand.

4) b. Point Prevalence :

The Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) is the most appropriate tool for monitoring doctors’ actions regarding antibiotics. The PPS is pointed prevalence study which allows identifying the goals of doctors in charge of diseases therapy. At the same time, the points prevalence means the number of people with a certain characteristic in a selected period of the relatively interested population for researchers.

5) true

rate:the number of new cases of disease during a period of time divided by the person-time-at-risk

Person-time: estimate of the actual time-at-risk in years, months, or days that all persons contributed to a study