Question

(1) Describe how genetics influence pathophysiological alterations in healing, immunologic responses, and integumentary system

(2) Why do these signs happen during inflammation? ( Pain, heat, redness, swelling , and loss of function)

Please use at least one scholarly article in text citation and reference

Answer 1

1. GENETICS INFLUENCE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN HEALING,IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSES AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM:

One of the method of Genetics is through STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: A Stem cell is a precursor cell that continually replenishes the body's entire supply of both red and white cells.Once the immune system has been destroyed experimentally, it can be completely restored with the implantation of just a few purified stem cells.

2.SIGNS DURING INFLAMMATION:

Cells or tissues of the body may be injured or killed by any physical,chemical or infectious agents. When this happens, an inflammatory response naturally occurs.

INFLAMMATION is a defensive reaction intended to neutralize, control or eliminate the offending agent and to prepare the site for repair.It serves as a protective function.

A sequence of events occur in local inflammatory response,which involves changes in microcirculation,including vasodilation, increased vascular permeability & leukocytic cellular infiltration.As these changes takes place, 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are produced: PAIN, HEAT, REDNESS,SWELLING & LOSS OF FUNCTION.

HEAT AND REDNESS: is due to vasodilation and increased rate of blood flow through the microcirculation.

SWELLING: Vascular permeability increases & plasma fluids(including proteins and solutes) leak into the inflamed tissues.

PAIN: Caused due to release of chemical mediator - Bradykinin that irritates nerve endings & by the pressure of fluids or swelling on nerve endings.

LOSS OF FUNCTION: is most likely related to pain and swelling, but the exact mechanism is not completely known.

TEXTBOOK REFERENCE:

-BRUNNER & SUDDARTH "TEXT BOOK OF MEDICAL- SURGICAL NURSING - 10TH EDITION.