Question

Detail how nursing could intervene or advocate to incorporate legal and ethical theories and principles more effectively into practice

Answer 1

Ethics simply defined as a principal that describe what is expected in term of right and correct and wrong or incorect in term of behavior. Ethics and ethical practices are integrated into all nursing care. The two major classifications of ethical principle and ethical thoughts are utilitarialism and deontology.

The ethical principle and ethics that a nurse must adhere to are the principle of justice, beneficience, nonmaleficiency , accountability, fidelity, autonomy and veracity.

Justice is the fareness. Nurse must be fair when they distribute their services let me give you an example when nurse is serving among the patient or the group of the patients they are taking care of. Care must be farely , justly and equitably distributed among the patient.

Beneficence is doing good and right thing for the patient. Nurse have to do always right thing for the patient.

Nonmaleficient is doing no harm to tge patient as harm can be intentional or nonintentional.

Accountability is acepting responsibility for one 's own action. Nurse are accountable for their own action. They must accept all of their professional and personal consequences that can occur due to their actions.

Fidelity is keeping one's promises. The nurse must be faithful and true to their professional promises by providing high quality , safe care in a competent manner.

Autonomy and patient self determination are upheld when the nurse accept the client as a unique person who has the innate right to have their own opinion, values and beliefs. Nurses have to encourage patient to have their own decision with any judgment and coercion.

Veracity is being completly truthful to the patient, nurse must not withhold the whole truth from client even it may lead to patient distress.

Nurses have responsibility to recognize and identify ethical issues that affect staff and patient for example providing a nursing care to the client who is going to abort may raise ethical moral and concerns and issue for some nurses , some patient may be affected with liver transplant rejection because donor liver not abundant enough to meet patient requirement.

Many situations exist in which ethical analysis is needed. Some are moral dilemas or situations in which a clear conflict exist between two or more moral principles or competing moral claims and nurses must choose the lesser of two evils. Other situations represent moral problems, in which there may be competing moral claims or principles. Although one claim or principle is dominant.. Some situations result in moral uncertainly, when one cannot accurately define what the moral.situation is or what moral principle apply but has a strong feeling that something is not right. Stilk other situations may result in moral distress, in which one is aware of the correct course of action but constraints stand in the way of pursuing the correct action.

for example , an older adult patient with emphysema falls and is admitted to the hospital with a fractured hip. Although she has been advised to have surgery to repair her hip, she tells the nurse that she would rather be discharged home. She is cognitively competent and says, " i have walked long enough and am tired of walkingn. I'd rather just go home, stay in bed , and see what happens" the surgeon and the pateint's adult daughter feel differently and do not support the patient's wishes to go home and not have surgery. The nurse believe that the patient should be able to make autonomous decisions about her treatment options . However, the surgeon and the patient's daughter are concerned that if she is discharged home unable to walk , the patient will likely become even sicker and could die. Thus , the ethical princioles of autonomy and nonmaleficence are at odds with each other - moral problem exists because of the patient's daughter and physician, who wish to pursue what is ordinarily considered a best treatment option, and the nurse , who desired to uphold the wishes of the patient. If the patient's competency were questionable, a moral dilemma would exist because no dominant principle would ve evident.

Dealing with the environmental aspect of health is very likely to lead nurse into some form of the advocacy. For example nurse who come across multiple cases of child lead poisioning in a particular neighbourhood might , see a need to develop comunity based programmes for lead screening, health education and hazard abatement. In community affected by toxic waste the nurse might ask to residents to tale side publicly to take partisan, debates , answer reports, questions and perheps give expert testimony in court cases.