Question

write a research paper on diabetes,including at least three reference sources. your introduction should be three paragraphs in length ,and based on "how do i write a research paper?"

Answer 1

Diabetesis also known as Diabetes mellitus,It is a chronic metabolic disease involving a disorder ofcarbohydrate metabolism and subsequent derangement of protein and fat metabolism.moreover there is a disturbance in the production,action or metabolic rate of use of insulin, a hormone secreted by the island of langerhans in the panceas,is involved in the disease.This condition found most frequently in person over 40yrs of age,who are obese and who have a family history of diabetes.Although the disease does occur in children and in young adult.There are three types of diabetes Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes

Etiology

In diabetes mellitus there appears to be insufficient insulin available for use in carbohydrate metabolism.It is now known that this insufficiency is caused by atleast three factors.they are;-

1-A failure in production of insulin, blokage of its use or its destruction by the body

2-The beta cells in the island of Langerhans may fail to produce enough insulin.

The need for the insulin may be greater than the available supply,usually because metabolism is increased excessivelyfor some reason.

3- The use of insulin by the cells may be prohibited bysome antagonisticfactors such as the growth hormone from the anterior pitutary gland or adrenocortical glucocorticoids

4-The predisposition to develop diabetes was thought to be heriditary and transmittedas a mendelian recessive characterstics

In 85% of adultwiyh diabetes mellitus, obesity precedes the disease. Diabetes mellitus is more common in women than in men.andit is thought that this may be because of the higher incident of obesity amoung women.

Signs and symptoms;-

-Increased appetite(polyphagia)

-increased thirst(polydipsia)

-increased urine volume(polyuria)

-increased blood sugar(Hperglycemia)

-glycosuria

-weakness and fatigue

-dehydration

Diagnostic test for diabetes;-

-urine test;- Urine test is frequently done to identfy for sugar and acetone

clinitest;- It is a copper reduction method of testing the urine for sugar

Tes -tape, clinistix and diastix are strip tests for glucose.

-twenty four hours urine collection

Blood sugar test;-Glucose tolerance test

-cortisone- glucose tolerence test

-Tolbutamide tolerance test

Management;-

control--Diabetes cannot be cured It can be controlled to a large extent by regulating the diet,taking oral hypoglycemic agent,and taking insulin.

-control diet

-daily excercise

-proper intake of medications

-care of skin and feet

Medication mangement;-

Oral or parenteral(Insulin) medications used to control diabetes

Reference;-

1 National diabetes information clearing house,National diabeties statitics 2005-2007

2 WHO media centre diabetes 2006-2001

3Shafers medical and surgical nursing7th edition