Question

1. 1 Medication ALT – Assigned by clinical instructor

2. Discuss the procedure for safely administering a blood transfusion.

3. Describe the following blood transfusion reactions: Acute Hemolytic Reaction, Febrile Reaction, Anaphylactic Reaction

4. If a transfusion reaction is suspected, what priority interventions must be implemented?

Bundy – iHuman

1. 1 Medication ALT – Assigned by clinical instructor

You have been assigned to a patient who is a 75-year-old male, admitted to the hospital via the emergency department for an acute COPD exacerbation.

2. What are your primary concerns for this patient, what assessments and interventions would be associated with your concerns, and why?

3. What do you anticipate the patient’s home medications prior to admission might be and why?

4. What medications do you anticipate the health care provider would prescribe while the patient is in the hospital and why?

Answer 1

1 SAFE ADMINISTRATION OF BLOOD TRASNFUSION PROCEDURE.

There are some points to be remember to administer blood trasnfusion

• Provide proper explanation regarding the procedure to the patient as well as family.
• Complete patient assessment for complications,contraindications ,and risk of transfusion.
• Administer premedication
• Collect blood product from blood bank only after confirmimg the transfusion.
• Consecnt must be taken.
• Insert appopriate size of cannula.Record baseline vitals and recheck frequently.
• Observe for complications.
• Document the transfusion with vitals.

ACUTE HEMPLYTIC REACTION.

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is also known as immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction.It is a life threatening condition followed by blood transfusion.It occurs within in 24 hours of transfusion.The reaction activated by pre formed host antibodies that distructs donor red cells.It occurs when there is an ABO incompatability present.

It is manifested by fever,rigor,abdominal and flank pain,shortness of breath and hemoglobunuria.

FEBRILE REACTION.

It occurs as a response to recepint antibodies reacting with white cell antigens or white cell product in blood.Alos due to cytokines accumulation in blood products during storage.

ANAPHYLATIC REACTION.

When antibodies react with proteins in the transfused blood allergic reactions occurs.It occurs when patient had history of exposure sensitivity to allergen,on re exposure it release IgE or igG antibodies.

When Transfusion reaction suspected immediately stop the transfusion. Maintain a patent intravenous line. Start normal saline infusion. Cross checking must be done on blood products. Inform thr physician. Observe for complications. Confirm the patient identity. Sent the blood bag to blood bank along with blood and urine sample of teh patient.

COPD is chronic and progressive condition that makes the patient breathing difficult.People with copd have productive cough,wheezing,chest tightness.Maintain the breathing pattern of the patient ia the main concern in this case,because patient may experince shortness of breat ,wheezing and leads to pneumonia and sepsis.

On the onset of COPD patient can take own inhales containg broncodilators ta home itself.

In emergemncy managemnet patient treated with

• Bronchodilators.
• Beta agonist such as salbutamol anf terbutaline.
• Oxygen therapy ,must be within 2 litres
• Propped up position.