Question

Write a paper on hemodialysis and arteriovenous fistula.

Answer 1

HAEMODIALYSIS:

It is a medical procedure to remove the fluid or waste from blood and to correct the electrolyte imbalance using a haemodialysis machine and dialyzer. It is also known as artificial kidney.

Indication :

Acidosis

Electrolyte imbalance

Fluid overload

Increased level of nitrogeneous waste

If GFR <10 ml/min

There are two principles for haemodialysis:

1)diffusion

Movement of solute across a sempermeable membrane

2)ultra filtration

Movement of sloute and fluid across a semipermeable membrane by a pressure gradient.

Blood flow rate:300-500ml/min

Usually done 3 times a week and each dialysis lasts for 4 hours.

Complications:

Hypotension, cramps,chest pain, nausea and vomiting, fever and chills,disequilibrium syndrome,cardiac tampons,dialyzer reactions,arrhythmia, hemolysis.

ARTERIO VENOUS FISTULA:

it is an subcutaneous anastamosis of an artery to an adjacent native vein.

It takes minimum 6 weeks for arterialization.

Dialysis needles are inserted into the native vein.

Mainly 3 types:

1)radiocephalic

2)brachiocephalic

3)brachiobasilic.

AV fistula is considered the best than AV graft because it provides highest blood flow for dialysis with less likely to get get infected or clot and it also lasts longer.