Question

3.Review and explain Erikson’s psychosocial development for each group.

Answer 1

Erikson's eight stages of psychological development

1 . Infant - Trust vs. Mistrust (birth to 18 months)

Virtue :- hope

Task:- Viewing the world as safe and reliable, relationships as nuturinnu, stable and dependable.

Positive resolution:- sense of security

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion: - suspiciousness, trouble with personal relationship.

2 . Toddler Autonomy vs Shame and doubt ( 1 to3 years)

Virtue:- Will

Task :- achieving a sense of control and free will.

Positive resolution:-sense of independence

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- low self esteem, dependancd

3. Preschool:- Initiative vs guilt (3 to 6 years)

Virtue:- purpose

Task:- Beginning development of a conscience, learning to manage conflict and anxiety.

Positive resolution:- .Balance between spontaneity and restraint.

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- passive personality, string feelings of guilt.

4 .school age:- industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 years )

Virtue:- competence

Task:- Emerging confidence in own ability, tasking pleasure in accomplishments.

Positive resolution:- Sense of self confidence

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- unreliable, unmotivated.

5 .Adolescence:- Identity vs Role confusion (12 to 18 years)

Virtue:- friendly

Task :- formulating a sense of self and belonging.

Positive resolution:- Unified sense of self

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- Rebellion, difficult in keeping personal relationship, substance abuse.

6. Young adult :- Intimacy vs Isolation( 18 to 25 years )

Virtue:- Love

Task:- Formulating adult, loving relationships and meanibmean attachments to others.

Positive resolution:- Form close personal relationships.

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- Emotional immaturity may deny need for personal relationships.

7 . middle adult:- Generativity vs Stagnation (24 to 45 years )

Virtue:- Care

Task:- Being creative and productive, focus on family and guiding the next generation.

Positive resolution:- Promote well being of others .

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- Inability to show concern for anyone, but self.

8 . Maturity :- Ego integrity vs Despair (45 years to death)

Virtue:- wisdom

Task:- Accepting responsibility for one's self and life.

Positive resolution:- sense of satisfaction with life , well lived .

Consequences of unsuccessful task completion:- Has difficulty in dealing with issues of ageing and death, may have feelings of hopelessness.

( Erik Erikson was a german psychologist, who extended the Freud's work on personality development across the life span while focusing on the social and psychological development. In his view, the psychosocial growth occurs in sequential phases and each stage depends on completion of previous stage and life task.)