Question

Research a drug currently in the process of laboratory research and development for a disease or issue that is interesting to you (this can be human or pet related). What are the pros/cons of this drug? Are there significant items holding it back, such as safety or cost

Answer 1

Drugs are the substances which when taken in the body, alters the body's function either physically or physicologically. Drugs are basically used for treating the diseases, which are lethal to us.

In the last few years, the evolution of science is so rapid. Presently, medical research has become so profound that there is now an array of treatments for even the most lethal or deadly diseases in the world.

A lot of drugs are currently in the process of laboratory research and development like Today, Corona virus has affected a large no of population all over the world and because of which scientists from all over the world are trying to get the vaccine for this deadly virus. So many researches are going on for making the drug for this virus.

* On average, it takes 10-15 years and costs $2.6 billion to develop one new medicine, including the cost of the many failures.

* Approximately 7,000 rare diseases exist today yet only 5% have an available treatment.

* Nearly 260 vaccines are in the biopharmaceutical pipeline to treat and prevent disease including dozens for COVID-19.

# Stages for drug discovery - Once when a lead compund of a drug is found, drug development begins with pre clinical research to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug.

Researchers determine the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolisation and Excretion information of the drug.

# Across the globe, more than 200 vaccine candidates are being developed and trialled, with at least 24 in the human clinical trial phase, according to the World Health Organization.

# SPUTNIK - V (The first registered vaccine against covid-19).

Russia have become the first country to grant regulatory approval to a covid 19 vaccine.

* The vaccine have passed the needed quality tests and released into the civil circulation but Sputnik V has not yet completed its phase-three trial, which involves wide-scale testing with thousands of participants.

* The vaccine have no serious side effect and produce antibody response in all participants, the study was conducted in June -July involving 76 people.

The SPUTNIK is a vaccine developed by the Gamaleya research institute. It is based on a proven vaccine against adenovirus - the common cold. The vaccine is expected to provide immunity from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, for up to two years.

The vaccine is administered in two doses and consists of two serotypes of human adenovirus, each carrying an S-antigen of the new coronavirus, which enter human cells and produce an immune response.

It is a so-called viral vector vaccine, meaning it employs another virus to carry the DNA encoding of the needed immune response into cells.

The platform used for the vaccine was developed by scientists over 20 years and had formed the basis for several vaccines in the past, including those against Ebola. Gamaleya's vaccine is based on similar technology to the coronavirus vaccine prototype developed by CanSino, a Chinese vaccine-making company.

The vaccine could be available for mass use in October, according to the country's health ministry.

SAFETY OF VACCINE-

The vaccine is developed so early and offering it to the public before the final stage of testing may cause serious problems.

The WHO said it is looking forward to reviewing the clinical testing for the safety of the drug.

The human body produces the immune response to both the carrier and active patients but the effect is short term, so the second dose of injection will be needed.

and for making immunity permanent , the same is delivered into the body via other carrier, as a result the body produce strong immunity and defence against the corona virus - as explained by the doctor.

The vaccine is safe as said by the President Putin of Russia. He added that one of his daughter has received the vaccine and is feeling well and she had slight fever after the first dose but temperature dropped to normal later.

The two-stage injection plan helps form a lasting immunity. The experience with vector vaccines and two-stage scheme shows that immunity lasts for up to two years as stated by Health ministry of Russia.

#Clinical trials of the vaccine began on June 18 and included 38 volunteers. All of the participants developed immunity.
*More than 100 possible vaccines are being developed around the world to try to stop the pandemic. At least four are in final Phase III human trials, according to WHO data. Although none of the coronavirus vaccines under development has proved its efficacy yet in clinical trials.