Question

1. The nurse is preparing to administer medications and understands the importance of being able to recognize an adverse drug reaction. When preparing to administer medications to Ms. Smith, the patient states she is allergic to diphenhydramine (Benadryl). In questioning the patient regarding her reaction, she states that it makes her very sleepy.

1 Explain the reasons for an adverse drug reaction.

2 Is this patient allergic to diphenhydramine? Explain.

3 Discuss the four types of allergic reactions

Answer 1

Question 1

Benadryl is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy,hay fever and common cold.also it can use to treat vomiting , nausea,dizziness caused by motion sickness.

This medicine blocks some natural substance (histamin)that makes in our body during allergic reaction . and runny nose are caused by blocking of another natural substance made by our body (acetylcholine)

These responses makes some adverse reacctoins in the body who taking this medicine

Question 2

This patient is not allergic to this medicine.because it is a anti histamin it can also induce sleep in persons who taking this .if she is too much sleepy should have to inform doctor . Get better afivise from doctor.

Question 3

Four types of allergic reaction are..

1. Immediate hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reaction.these are systemic or localized, as in allergic dermatitis.

These reaction is the result of an antigen cross linking with membrane bound IgE anti body of a mastcell or basophil.

2. Cytotoxic Reaction. This one is antibody dependent.

Here antibody reacts directly with the antigen that us bound to the cell membrane to induce cell lysis through complement activation.

3. Immune complex reaction

IgG and I gM .binds antigen.forming antibody complexes.this activate compliment which results in pMN chemo taxis and activation. PMN is realsr tissue damage enzymes.

4; cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity.

Cell mediated reactions are initiated by T lymphocytes and mediated by effector t cells and macrophages.These response involves the the interaction of antigens with the surface of lymphocytes. These reaction will takes 48- 72hours or longer.