Navigation Act and Proclamation act
1.The Navigation Acts, or more broadly the Acts of Trade and
Navigation, was a long series of English laws that developed,
promoted, and regulated English ships, shipping, trade, and
commerce between other countries and with its own colonies.The laws
also regulated England's fisheries and restricted foreigners'
participation in its colonial trade.While based on earlier
precedents, they were first enacted in 1651 under the Commonwealth.
The system was reenacted and broadened with the restoration by the
Act of 1660, and further developed and tightened by the Navigation
Acts of 1663, 1673, and 1696.Upon this basis during the 18th
century, the acts were modified by subsequent amendments, changes,
and the addition of enforcement mechanisms and staff. Additionally,
a major change in the very purpose of the acts in the 1760s that of
generating a colonial revenue, rather than only regulating the
Empire's trade would help lead to revolutionary events,and major
changes in implementation of the acts themselves.The Acts generally
prohibited the use of foreign ships, required the employment of
English and colonial mariners for 75% of the crews, including East
India Company ships. The acts prohibited the colonies from
exporting specific, enumerated, products to countries and colonies
other than those British, and mandated that imports be sourced only
through Britain. Overall, the Acts formed the basis for English
(and later) British overseas trade for nearly 200 years, but with
the development and gradual acceptance of free trade, the acts were
eventually repealed in 1849. The laws reflected the European
economic theory of mercantilism which sought to keep all the
benefits of trade inside their respective Empires, and to minimize
the loss of gold and silver, or profits, to foreigners through
purchases and trade. The system would develop with the colonies
supplying raw materials for British industry, and in exchange for
this guaranteed market, the colonies would purchase manufactured
goods from or through Britain.
2. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued by King George III on
October 7, 1763, following Great Britain's acquisition of French
territory in North America after the end of the Seven Years' War.
It forbade all settlement west of a line drawn along the
Appalachian Mountains, which was delineated as an Indian
Reserve.The Royal Proclamation was initially issued by King George
III in 1763 to officially claim British territory in North America
after Britain won the Seven Years War.
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