Question

Why are monoclonal antibodies such effective medications. Give an example (not humera)

Answer 1

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

These are certain antibodies which are laboratory produced molecules engineered to serve a substitutional antibodies that can restore,enhance or mimic the immune system's attack on caner cells.

PREPARATION

Monoclonal Antibody production or mAb is produced by the cell lines or clones obtained from the immunized animals with the substance to be studied.Cells lines are produced by B cells from the immunized animal with myeloma cells.This produced mAb cells must be grown either in a vitro tissue culture or it should be injected to the peritoneal cavity of the suuitable mouse.

IMPORTANTS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

• FLAGGING CANCER CELLS
• TRIGGERING CELL-MEMBREANE OBSTRUCTION
• BLOCKING CELL GROWTH
• PREVENTING BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH
• BLOCKING IMMUNE SYSTEM INHIBITORS
• DIRECTLY ATTACKING CANCER CELLS
• DELIVERING RADIATION TREATMENT
• DELIVERING CHEMOTHERAPY
• BINDING CANCER AND IMMUNE CELLS

FLAGGING CANCER CELLS

Flagging means decreasing or distructing the strength.The cancer cells that are coted in monoclonal antibodies may be more easily detected and targeted for destruction.

TRIGGERING CELL MEMBRANE OBSTRUCTION

Some monoclonal antibodies have the capacity to trigger an immune system responce that can destroy the outer wall of a cancer cell.So it may lead to the total destruction of the cancer cells.

BLOCKING CELL GROWTH

Some monoclonal antibodies that block the connection between a cancer cells and proteins that promote the cell growth.This protein layer is very important for the growth of the cancer cells,once it this connection is disttached then that will lead to the damage of the cancer cells.

PREVENTING BLOOD VESSEL GROWTH

As same like normal cells the cancer cells also needed a good blood supply for is growth and survival.Some monoclonal antibody drugs that blocks the protein- cell interaction necessary for the development of new blood vessels of the cancel cells. This can lead to inhibit growth of the cancer cells.

BLOCKING IMMUNE SYSTEM INHIBITORS

Certain proteins that bind to immune system cells are regulators that prevent overactivity of the system.Monoclonal antibodies that bind to these immune system cells give the cancer-fighting cells on opportunity to work with less inhibition.

DIRECTLY ATTACKING CANCER CELLS

The monoclonal antibody's has an ability to connect with a cancer cell,the antibody can be engineered as a delivery vehicle for other treatments.When a monoclonal antibody is attached to a small radioactive particle,it transports the radiation treatment directly to the particular cancer cells and this may minimize the effect f radiation to the other healthy cells.This process is known as Radioimmunotherapy.

DELIVERING CHEMOTHERAPY

Same as above some monoclonal antibodies have the capacity to attach with chemotherapeutic drugs in order to deliver the treatment directly to the cancer cells while avoiding healthy cells.

BINDING CANCER IMMUNE CELLS

Some of the drugs combine two monoclonal antibodies,one that gets attaches to the malignant cell and other to the specific immune system cells.This will lead to the promotion of immune system attack on the cancer cells.Once it happened which will lead to the destruction of the cancer cell.

DISEASES CAN BE TREATED WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH EXAMPLES

1. Brain cancer - Bevacizumab
2. Breast cancer - Trastuzumab)
3. Chronic lymphocytic cancer - Alemtuzumad(campath)
4. Head and neck cancer - Cetuximab
5. Hodgkin's cancer - Pembrolizumb
6. Lung cancer - Bevacizumab
7. Acute myeloid leukemia - Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin
8. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Rituximab
9. Colorectal cancer - Panitumumab
10. Stomach cancer - Trastuzumab(Herceptin)
11. Small cell lung carcinoma - Ipilimumab
12. Follicular Lymphoma - Ofatumumab