Question

Write a review on how each of the following concepts in Chemistry and Biophysics may be applied for use in the medical field.

1. Protein Folding Stability (pH-Dependent Effects, Charge Mutations, Thermophilic and Halophilic Proteins, Transmembrane Proteins)
2. Thermodynamics of Protein Binding and Condensation (Transition-State Stabilization in Enzyme Catalysis, Solubility of Protein-Protein Complexes, Protein Solubility, Polymerization and Fibrillation, LIquid-Liquid Phase Separation)

Answer 1

In the overall concept of Proetin folding mainly depends on theory and experiment, They are like

a) Protein Renaturation,

b) Determinants of Protein folding,

c) Folding Pathways,

Protein stabilisation of cool polypeptides fold to their native structures and this process facilitated by other proteins, this has been made in predicting protein structures based on their sequences and their dynamic properties that is the nature and functional significance of their internal motions.

PH dependent effects:

Proteins spontaneously fold into their native conformations under physiological conditions, under the proper suitable ph conditions the biological structures are self assembling for Protein renaturation,

In the experiment of Christian anfisen on bovine pancreatic RNase A put protein renaturation on a quantitative basis, RNase completely unfolded and its four disulfide bonds reductively cleaved in an 8M urea solution containing 2-metacaptoethanol. Yet dialysing away the urea and exposing the resulting solution to O2 at ph8 protein spontaneously renatured, Due to ph intolerance the native forces like Vandervalforces, will denatured or renatured,

Thermophilic Proteins are contains both acidic and basic Aminoacids, in thermophiles Gly,Ser,Lys and substituted by Ala, Thr,Arg and Glutamine.

Trans membrane proteins; they helps for transport molecules across the cell wall, The essential aminoacids are found in are tryptophan and tyrosine ,

In medical field due to protein folding issues there is conformational Disease like amyloidosis etc.