11-year-old boy complains of wheezing and difficulty “getting enough air.” Notices it more when he is playing baseball and symptoms improve when exercise activity stops. He says that the symptoms are getting worse and the symptoms are even occurring at rest. Mother says the child is allergic to cat dander and his next-door neighbor in their apartment building recently began sheltering cats for the local humane society. Auscultation demonstrates wheezes on forced expiration throughout all lung fields.
Be sure that you are addressing the following within the body of your paper:
1. process related to respirtaory system
due to any etoiological factors
swelling of the membrane due to inflamamtion
it causes narrowing of airway
further narrowing of airway is occurs by contracttion of smooth muscle
it leads to again airway obstruction
causes mucus secretion obstruct airway
pulmonary artery pressure become higher due to long standing respiratory problem
right atrium pressure become higher
causes right ventricular hypertrophy to compensate
signs and symptoms occur.
process related to cardiovasculated problem:
due to any etiological factor
fluid become stagnated in the left ventricle
causes hypertrophy of left ventricle to compensate higher volume of fluid
it causes higher pressure in the pulmonary vein due to fluid collection
it causes fluid stagnation in the lungs
displays signs and symptoms
2. cardiac system and respirtory system are interconnected. if any system get affected, it affects another system.cardiac disorders causes respirtaory disease again, respirtory disease causes cardiac disease.if respiratory failure occurs, then chances of occurence of cardiac failure.
alteranations in respirtaory system like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respirtory failure, pulmonary heart hypertension, pulmonary embolism causes increased pressure in the pulmonary artery causes right ventricular hypertrophy.
alternation in cardiac system like mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic heart disease, left heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction that fluid accumulation causes respirtory symptoms
3.racial/ethnicity: white americans of european has higher lung volumes compared to black americans of european. and whites has higher lung capacity than black, chinese or indians in a study. race has impact lung volumes
4.
the boy has shortness of breath. his symptoms even present at rest and wheeze was heard in forced expiration on auscultation through out all lung field. he has allergy of cat dander. it shows that he is suffering from asthma
due to allergens
it causes inflammation
vascular congestion due to inflammatory mediators
then it causes mucosal edema formation
airway diameter is reduced
it causes further narrrowing of the airway
contraction of bronchial walls
the broncial muscles and mucus glands become enlarge
mucus production become increased
further narrowng of the airway by mucus plugging in the airway
signs and symptoms
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