Question

(1) Describe how heredity and genetics influence pathophysiological alterations in the cardiovascular system with a patient who has varicose veins? How would you treat them, What precautions will you have them take?

(2) How is pulmonary edema related to congestive heart failure?

Answer 1

Answer 1) Vericose veins are common condition in which vein wall and valves get damaged or become weak so thses veins become swollen , twisted and lie beneth the skin layer , Vericose veins usually occurs in leg .

Vericose veins occurred as a result of prolong standing and increase pressure in side vein.

If Vericose vein is present it doesn't mean any heart disease is there .

Now the heredity and genetic influence the pathophysiological alterations in cardiovascular system and leads to cardiovascular disorders .

Many cardiac disorders are inherited like Congenital heart disease , Arrhythmia , cardiomyopathy ,high blood cholesterol , coronary heart disease etc .

Gene control every important function of cardiovascular system ,be it strength of blood vessels or communication between the cardiac cells .

A single genetic mutation change the way of working of particular protein of heart which predisposes the disease conditions of heart .

This genetic variation passes from parents to children so the chance of occarance of disease increases in children also .

Now although Vericose veins do not effect heart but it can leads to other complications like deep vein thrombosis , infection ,poor circulation .

Treatment include medication to prevent deep vein thrombosis along with weight loss , regular exercise , and quitting of smoking .

Important precautions are avoiding fat diet , do not smoke , avoid long standing .

Answer 2) Pulmonary edema is abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs which leads to shortness of breath .

It is often causes by congestive heart failure .when heart is not able to pump efficiently then blood can go back into the vein that take the blood through lungs . As the pressure inside these vessels increase these fluid pushed into the alveoli of lungs . Now this accumulated fulid hinders the oxygen movement inside lungs thus shortness of breath occurs.