Question

(1) Describe how heredity and genetics influence pathophysiological alterations in the cardiovascular system.

(2) What is the difference between pernicious anemia and iron deficiency anemia?

(3) How is pulmonary edema related to congestive heart failure?

Please try use reference for direct quote citation

Answer 1

1) A person with family history of diabetes can develop coronary artery disease as it's complication,

Also atherosclerosis development is fast in Autosomal recessive (AR) lipid disorders

2) Iron deficiency anaemia causes microcytic hypochromic anemia, laboratory investigation shows Low MCH and low MCHC

Pernicious anemia caused due to vitamin B12 deficiency, leads to macrocytic normochromic anemia

Laboratory result:- raised MCH and normal MCHC

3) Pulmonary edema occurs in left heart failure, it is a clinical syndrome where the dominant feature is fluid congestion in lungs rather than in the systemic circulation.

Here the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is typically elevated