Question

evaluation of medication effectiveness of SULFONAMID

Answer 1

Effectiveness of SULFONAMIDE

Sulfonamindes are wide spectrum antibiotics which are effective against gram negative and gram positive bacterias.Mostly sulfonamide are developed in combination with diaminopyrimidines or trimethoprim or ormethoprim because the chance of developing drug resistance is high for sulfonamindes.These combinations are believed to act synergistically on specific targets in bacterial DNA synthesis.

These may be prescribed to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), bronchitis, eye infections,bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, ear infections, severe burns, traveler's diarrhea, and other conditions Some sulfonamides are applied directly to the skin topically to treat burns and skin, vaginal, and eye infections.

Highest tissue concentrations of sulfonamides plus metabolites are found in the liver and kidney of various food-producing species, but the rather high rate of sulfonamide-related violations in pig liver has decreased considerably over the past decades.

Mechanism of action

Sulfonamides work by preventing bacteria from producing a form of folic acid they need to grow and multiply.

Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) which competes with the  the ptsroate and p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) to form dihydropteroate and from which the folic acid is produced.folic acid is an essential enzyme for bacteria which produce it and not all bacteria synthesise folic acid. The sulfonamide competes with pABA at the active site of the enzyme to act as an alternative substrate and produce pteroate-sulfonamide complex from which the bacteria cannot generate folic acid. Resistance to sulfonamide is associated with amino acid substitutions in DHPS enzyme which prevents the drug binding.