Question

Talk about "rarefied gas dynamics" and where and when it's happen and it's applications in details

Answer 1

The rarefied gas dynamics is a study based on the kinetic approach of the gas flow. Where the study is done on the effects on the aerodynamic performance at a very low-density atmosphere. The study was started in the year 1859 by Maxwell, where the study involved disproving the idea that all the gas molecules move at the same speed, the gas mean flow path increases with the decrease of the density. The applications are seen in vacuum transportation of higher altitude aircraft and high-altitude hypersonic flow fields. As the density decreases the mean flow path of the molecules increases hence making the aerodynamics properties change, properties like the shock waves, and all the other flow dynamics change as the density decreases. The tests of the high altitude aircraft have been conducted in a low-density surrounding because the tests conducted in the sea level conditions will cause a lot of engineering errors at the low-density high altitude conditions. hence, this study makes all the analysis taking into account the gas molecules and not the assumption as a continuum. hence the typical equations of flow dynamics will not give an accurate solution for the problems at the high altitude conditions.

Applications:

Gas flow through long capillaries: The flow of fluids at different densities in the capillary and also the mixture of gases can experiment with the study.

Orifice Flow: The pressure and flow changes at various densities can be examined and hence be applicable in low-density surroundings. for a more detailed explanation of these study, one might need to refer papers.