Question

.Auto Cruise control commonly used in automobile nowadays. Explain how it work and determine all
the function of the component and integrated as one loops system. Draw the block diagram to
represent the system.

Includes

1-INTRODUCTION RELATED TOPICS

2-ABOUT RELATED TOPICS

3-DISCUSSION RELATED TOPICS

4-CONCLUSION Related TOPICS

Necessary Diagram

Please answer by typing

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION

The cruise control system one of the advanced systems and has become a common feature in automobiles nowadays. Instead of driver frequently checking out the speedometer and adjusting pressure on the throttle pedal or the brake. The cruise control system takes over the control of the speed of the car by maintaining the constant speed set by the driver. Therefore, this system can help in reducing driver’s fatigue in driving a long road trip.

In the process of the cruise control system: Firstly, the driver sets the desired speed of the car by turning on the cruise control mode at the desired speed, such that the car is traveling at the set speed and hits the button. An alternate way to set the desired speed of the car is by tapping the set/acceleration button to increase the speed of the car or by tapping the coast button to decrease the speed of the car.

Secondly, the processing unit in the system receives the input signal, and progress the output signal to the actuator. Thirdly, the actuator adjusts the throttle position according to the command of the controller. Finally, the changes in the throttle position lead to the change in the speed of the car traveling and obtain the desired speed. The actual speed of the car is continuously monitored by a sensor and fed to the processor. The process of transmitting the current speed of the car continues to the processor to maintain the desired speed, as long as the cruise control is engaged

The following sections are classified as described below. The conventional control system is explained in section, Complete system, Simulink model developed, and results are discussed, finally concluded.

Adaptive Cruise Control Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an advancement of the cruise control system. It’s an automotive feature that allows the vehicle to adopt a set vehicle's speed to the traffic environment. A sensor system is attached to the front of the vehicle which is used to detect former slow-moving vehicles are in the ACC vehicle's path. If a foregoing slow-moving vehicle detected by the sensor system in the ACC vehicle’s path, then the ACC system will automatically adopt the former vehicle speed and control the vehicle speed according to clearance, or time gap, between two vehicles. If the system detects that the ahead vehicle gets higher speed than ACC vehicle cruise speed or no longer in the ACC vehicle's path, then automatically ACC system will stimulate back the vehicle speed to its pre-set cruise control speed. This action of control system allows the ACC vehicle to self-governing slowdown and speeds up with traffic without arbitration from the driver. Normally ACC vehicle speed is controlled with the following systems, that is, engine throttle control and limited brake operation.

ABOUT

Commercial systems capable of stopping the vehicle when a collision is imminent at speeds below15 km/h have been developed by car manufacturers, but their dependence on the human driver to restart the vehicle might cause traffic jams. Thus, autonomous intelligent driving in traffic jam conditions is one of the most challenging topics of large city traffic management. These kinds of systems are known in the literature as stop-and-go systems They deal with the vehicle in urban scenarios with frequent and sometimes hard braking and acceleration. The main idea of these control systems is to regulate the vehicle around the well-known 2-s headway rule, which attempts to maintain a distance proportional to the human reaction time (approximately 2 s) Some approaches have tried to reproduce human behavior with deterministic models to achieve smooth control actions.

DISCUSSION

ACC is an extension of cruise control (CC)—CC allows the driver to set a driving speed— in which the vehicle is capable of following a leading car on highways by actions on the throttle pedal. These commercial systems work at speeds greater than 30 km/h. Their main drawback is that they are useless in urban environments. ACC system is developed by classifying into two distinguished loops (cascade control) as in Fig. (4-5) and highlighted in a big rectangular box. First, the outer loop control (OLC) known as the distance tracking controller aims to control the distance between the ACC equipped vehicle and the leading vehicle. This is accomplished by the use of a simple proportional (P) controller which takes the deviation of the detected distance between the vehicles from the desired distance. Therefore, for the vehicle to effectively follow other vehicles in front of it by keeping the desired distance, the new reference speed is calculated by the outer loop controller. OLC is also capable of switching between the cruise control (CC) and ACC mode depending on the situation in front of the ACC equipped vehicle. Second, the inner loop control (ILC) is provided to track the reference velocity calculated by OLC. Furthermore, a simple switching rule coordinates the brake and throttle operations. The schematic block diagram of an ACC system

CONCLUSION

Stop-and-go maneuvers constitute one of the most important and as yet unsolved topics in the automotive sector. Yet this paper proposed ACC for stop and go maneuvers of an intelligent Vehicle using a hybrid PID controller. The Proposed method provides distance and speed tracking as well as providing the smooth variation of the vehicle acceleration.

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