The present value is the value of an investment today.
PV = A / (1 + r)^n
The future value is the value of an investment in the future.
FV = A (1 + r)^n
The present value of a sum of money, is the current value of a future stream of money given at a specified rate of return.
The present value of an annuity, is the sum that has to be invested today to guarantee a desired amount of money in the future.
A perpetuity is a stream of cash flows that lasts till infinity/perpetuity.
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