Question

Assuming self-esteem and grade point average are correlated, which of the following could NOT be true?

Self-esteem causes grade point average.

Grade point average causes self-esteem.

Intelligence causes self-esteem and grade point average.

Self-esteem and grade point average are not related.

In correlational and differential research, the researcher is NOT able to use powerful procedures such as

examining preexisting variables.

randomly assigning participants to groups.

holding an extraneous variable constant.

controlling for gender of participants.

Answer 1

Ans-1) 'Self-esteem and grade point average are not related' could not be true. because we are alreading assuming that self-esteem and grade point average are correlated. And also in realistic, self-esteem and grade point average influence each other and there is no reason to assume that they are not related.

Ans-2) In correlational and differential research, the researcher is not able to use powerful procedure such as "holding an extraneous variable constant".

beacuse, A in correlational and differential research is that it is difficult to avoid confounding variables. And comfounding variable is one type of extraneous variable.