The government can take the following measures to protect its citizens:
1) Create targeted awareness programmes for vulnerable groups. This can be done in tandem with NGOs. Awareness programme can include information on dos, don'ts and prevention of common infectious diseases.
2) Medical help should be available to all strata be it rural or urban. There have to be enough hospitals or small medical centres for timely diagnoses and prevention of the diseases. Also, these should be stacked with enough medicines and other equipment.
3) The government should make quantitative targets for elimination or reduction of incidence of common preventable diseases. Eg: Eradication of polio from India by 2017.
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