Question

How do different theoretical approaches view the role of the state in foreign policy?

In what ways might public opinion influence foreign policy, and what are the limits on such influence?

Why are bureaucracies necessary for policy making?

What does prospect theory imply about foreign policy decision making?

How are transnational corporations influencing international politics?

In what ways are international organizations and transnational actors undermining the Westphalian state system?

Answer 1

1. Theoretical approaches view state as Change Agent and Policy Enabler by collaboration with Federal government to enact laws in common ground and higher faith for betterment of economic growth and social welfare and assumes that State have power to dethrone government by adopting strong political practices and winning faith of millions and abiding to ethical practice.
2. Public opinion from various corporate institutions and economists and market veterans can lead to cascading effects as they have an halo effects and their opinion are largely followed to he truth and thus are influential for their powers to persuade government to enact different policies altogether by stating positive implications and negative ramifications. Limitations however are their lack of executive and judiciary powers and strong support.
3. Bureaucracy is definitely needed albeit to certain extent where various government bodies collaborate and take calibrated view on policy making and any weakness are ironed out and can be replaced through special Constitutional amendments. It helps in effective decisions making and avoiding uncertainty.
4. Prospect theory describes two major elements which are impediments to foreign policy decisions making viz. Reference dependence and weighted probability which all give us haphazard view and underexposed information about foreign policy which makes it deterrent to economic growth.
5. Transnational corporation influence policy making through various private and public meetings where government is persuaded to surrender to demands of corporates which gives domino effect largely positive to economy. Like growth in employment, standardisation of wages, higher consumption, etc which are agendas used to influence government.
6. Westphalian system induces that each state has sovereignty and monopoly of force within mutually recognised territory be it small or big. How institutions like IMF amd World Bank and Transnational companies undermine such laws as this causes excessive bureaucracy and bottlenecks to expansion and creates challenges to free trade and exchange and trading and also raises costs amd delay for corporation.