Question

Consumer surplus is that value that flows to consumers because they are charged more than what...

Consumer surplus

is that value that flows to consumers because they are charged more than what they are willing to pay.
is that value that flows to consumers because they are not all charged the maximum that they are willing to pay.
is unethical because the consumer gets more than what is paid for.
cannot be measured because it is subjective.
is not useful to know in setting prices.

The benefit to producers from selling an additional unit is

the price the firm receives.
the marginal cost of that unit.
the total revenue earned from sales.
the difference between the price the firm receives and the marginal cost of that unit.
impossible to determine because full information on prices and costs are never available.
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Answer #1

1. Consumer surplus is that value that flows to consumers because they are not all charged the maximum that they are willing to pay.

It is measured by the difference in price when Quantity is zero and when price and consumption is same equilibrium values.

2. The benefit to producers from selling an additional unit is the difference between the price the firm receives and the marginal cost of that unit.

This difference is actually marginal profit, which goes to the producer when he deducts the marginal cost from marginal revenue.

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