Soln. The optimal debt ratio is the equal proportion mix of debt and equity for a firm. Debt-equity ratio, if more than 0.5 it indicates that majority of assets are financed through debt and if the Debt-equity ratio is less than 0.5, it indicates that majority of assets are financed through equity.
When a firm goes public, the optimal debt ratio depends on several parameters and hence based on those conditions, it may increase or decrease. The factors that decides the optimal debt ratio is not only market risk exposure rather it also depends on exposure of business risk, amount of tax liabilities, cash flows, operation and organization structure. Hence, option second is correct outcome.
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