Question

the only borrowed information that does not need to be cited is called

Answer 1

Academic writing requires citing the borrowed information such as ideas, thoughts, concepts and facts. This borrowed information distingushes the research information of others from your original ideas. However, the only exception to this rule i.e. the borrowed information that does not need to be cited is Commonly known fact or Common knowledge.  

Common Knowledge are the facts that are known to most of the people and can be found in many literary sources. In other words, common knowledge is culturally constructed and based on social and aesthetical biases. such as:

George washington was the first president of the United States.

Albany is the capital city of New York.