Suppose the Demand and supply curve for a particular product is as follows:
D(p)=60-20p
S(p)=20p+20
Suppose city council considers implementing a small lump sum tax of $T per unit traded (i.e. if the consumer pays p then the producer receives p-T).
What is the tax incidence on consumers?
For demand function Q = a - bP and supply function Q = c + bP, when we have a tax T, then
price paid by buyers becomes (a - c + d*T)/(b + d)
price received by sellers becomes (a - c - b*T)/(b + d)
Here a = 60, b = 20, c = 20, d = 20
Hence price paid by buyers = (60 - 20 + 20T)/40 = 1 + 0.5T
And price received by sellers = (60 - 20 - 20T)/20 = 1 - 0.5T
Before tax, the market price is 1.00
This shows that consumers are paying 0.5 or 50% of tax and sellers are paying the remaining 50%. This is the tax incidence.
Thus tax incidence on consumers is 50%
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