If the federal government runs large deficits it could cause crowding out through interest rates. However, the Federal Reserve could try to keep interest rates down by increasing the growth of the monetary base. What will be the long-run result of these two policies?
high inflation and high nominal interest rates |
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high national debt and low interest rates |
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low nominal interest rates and low unemployment rate |
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low unemployment rate and low inflation |
Increasing the growth of monetary base and increasing government expenditure both will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right in the short run. in the long run the economy will adjust for this change in the GDP by shifting the short run aggregate supply curve to the left. This will increase nominal interest rate as well as inflation. Because in both shifts there is an increase in inflation the final outcome will have high inflation and high nominal interest rate
High inflation and high nominal interest rate.
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