Do a little outside research and find an example of FDI (hint: look for news of mergers or company acquisitions of MNCs.) Now analyze that transaction and evaluate if it is horizontal integration, forward vertical integration, or backward vertical integration. Show your work by explaining the logic and critical thinking that lead to your conclusion.
When Vodafone Group Plc merged with Idea Cellular in India it was classified as horizontal integration because the deal belongs to same part of supply chain. Here, Vodafone Group plc entered as FDI in Telecommunications sector in India to merge with local telecom operator Idea Cellular in 2017.
Since, both are Telecommunications operators having sufficient soectrum and subscrivers and have same product / service portfolio its classified under horizontal integration.
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