1. What term do economists use to describe variability or randomness that cannot be accurately quantified?
a) Uncertainty
b) Instability
c) Ambiguity
d) Risk
e) Indifference
2. Suppose there is a 30% chance that an oil spill will occur in an area and the economic damage of the potential spill is $1 million. What is the expected value associated with the spill?
a) $30,000
b) $3,000
c) $1,000,000
d) $3,000,000
e) $300,000
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