Question

-rw-r--r-- 1 malsaid faculty 0 Oct 20 16:50 b
drwxr-xr-x 2 malsaid faculty 512 Oct 20 16:50 c
-rw-r--r-- 2 malsaid faculty 74 Oct 20 16:50  d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 malsaid faculty 1 Oct 20 16:51 e -> c
-rw-r--r-- 2 malsaid faculty 74 Oct 20 16:50 a

How has file d possibly been created?

Answer 1

-rw-r--r--

1. In the beginning there is a '-' hence we can infer that its an regular file.
2. 'rw-' these are the access rights for the owner of the file hence the owner can read and write into that file.
3. nxt three characters 'r--' are the rights given to group users. they have only read permission.
4. nxt three characters 'r--' are the rights given to other users. they have only read permission.
5. so this is the general configuration of a file by default permission we get.
6. the above file is generally created by user which by default gives these permissions. if u want to change the permissions you use the chmod command.
7. hence, the above file is created in linux with just touch command like given below
8. command : touch d
9. to check the permission use command : ls -al
10. u can get the permissions as -rw-r--r--