RIP (Routing Information Protocol) – RIP is an unicast routing protocol and one of the most widely used intradomain routing protocol based on distance-vector routing algorithm.
RIP uses hop count as a routing metric to find the best path between the source and the destination network. RIP Works on the application layer of OSI model. RIP uses port number 520.
RIP prevents routing loops by limiting the number of hopes allowed in a path from source and destination. The maximum hop count allowed for RIP is 15 and hop count of 16 is considered as network unreachable.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) – OSPF is also an intradomain routing protocol like RIP but is based on link-state routing protocol which is used to find the best path between the source and the destination router using its own Shortest Path First).
OSPF is developed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as one of the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). It is a network layer protocol.
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) - IGRP is a distance vector interior gateway protocol (IGP) developed by Cisco. IGRP is a Cisco proprietary Distance-Vector routing protocol. This means that all routers must be Cisco routers in order to use IGRP in your network.
IGRP requires that you include an Autonomous System (AS) number in its
configuration. Only routers in the same Autonomous system will send
updates between each other.
Router used it to exchange routing data within an independent system.
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) – EIGRP is an advanced distance vector routing protocol. This protocol is an evolution of an earlier Cisco protocol called IGRP.
EIGRP is a dynamic routing Protocol which is used to find the best path between any two layer 3 device to deliver the packet. EIGRP works on network layer Protocol of osi model and uses the protocol number 88. It uses metric to find out best path between two layer 3 device (router or layer 3 switch) operating EIGRP.
Routers running EIGRP must become neighbours before exchanging routing information.
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) – BGP is the only interdomain routing protocol used in the internet today. It is based on the path-vector algorithm.
The protocol can connect together any internetwork of autonomous system using an arbitrary topology. The only requirement is that each AS have at least one router that is able to run BGP and that is router connect to at least one other AS’s BGP router. BGP’s main function is to exchange network reach-ability information with other BGP systems. Border Gateway Protocol constructs an autonomous systems’ graph based on the information exchanged between BGP routers.
IGP are used for intra-autonomous system routing – routing inside an autonomous system.
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) – EGP are used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. The routing information passed between autonomous systems is called reachability information. Reachability information is simply information about which networks can be reached through a specific autonomous system.
Cisco Routers/Switches - A router switch delivers routing functionality along with traditional switching capabilities at very high rates of speed and efficiency. The increased intelligence and functionality of a router switch can make your network a tool that helps your business grow.
A router switch can provide:
NAT (Network Address Translation) - To access Internet, one public IP address is needed, but we can use private IP address in our private network. The idea of NAT is to allow multiple devices to access Internet through a single public address. To achieve this, translation of private IP address to a public IP address is required. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a process in which one or more local IP address is translated into one or more Global IP address and vice versa in order to provide Internet access to the local hosts.
ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) - ICS allows multiple computers to connect to the Internet using the same Internet connection and IP address.
For example, several computers in a household can connect to same cable or DSL modem using a router. As long as the router is connected to the modem, every computer connected to the router is also connected to the Internet. Network address translation (NAT) allows the computers to share the same IP address.
VPN installation and configuration – There some defined steps for VPN configuration and depend on device and OS (Operating system). I am giving for Windows 10 and for others OS or device steps are almost similar.
Open Start Menu > Search "VPN" > Click Change virtual private networks (VPN)
From the VPN settings page, click Add a VPN connection.
In the Add a VPN connection dialog:
After the VPN connection has been created, click Change adapter options under Related settings.
Right click on the VPN Connection from the list of adapters and click Properties.
In the Security tab, select "Require encryption (disconnect if sever declines)" under Data encryption.
Then, select Allow these protocols under Authentication. From the list of protocols, check "Unencrypted password (PAP)", and uncheck all other options.
Click on "Advanced settings"
In Advanced Properties dialog box, choose "Use preshared key for authentication" and enter the same key you used for the client VPN settings in the Dashboard. Note: if you are enabling client VPN for your employees, you will need to distribute this key.
Back at the Network Connections window, right-click on the VPN connection and click Connect / Disconnect.
Find your VPN profile and click Connect.
ISA Server (Internet Security and Acceleration Server) – ISA Server is combination of a firewall and Web caching server that can be used to protect the enterprise from external access, while sharing a internet connection on the network. The multilayer firewall of ISA Server protects valuable network resources of the enterprise from unauthorized external access, attacks from hackers, and malicious viruses. You can also control client access to the Internet.
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