Baseband transmission sends the information signal as it is without modulation (without frequency shifting) while passband transmission shifts the signal to be transmitted in frequency to a higher frequency and then transmits it, where at the receiver the signal is shifted back to its original frequency.
Communication using baseband is limited mainly to wired communication. For example in a CCTV (camera and monitor), the video is sent directly over a coax cable. Note that baseband communication can be either analog or digital. Communicating using baseband over air is limited as the low frequencies will be mixed with other baseband frequencies .
Sending phone calls over a cable connecting exchanges in different cities or over a satellite link requires that the baseband (0-4KHz) signal be shifted to somewhere in the MHz or GHz to set together alongside other shifted baseband signals (other calls) ,(which is called passband signal)
Therefore, baseband transmission, which is easier than passband transmission, is usually used when communicating over wires, while over–the–air transmission requires passband transmission.
Common local area network (LAN) networking technologies such as Ethernet use baseband transmission technology whereas passband transmission is used mobile teleophone systems
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