Question

Scenario below:

Congratulations. You have just been hired by Hoopoe Marketing and Public Relations (HMPR) as their new networking technologist. Your first order of business will be to evaluate

the current status of HMPR’s networks. HMPR has three offices, one in Toronto, which is the corporate headquarters, one in Vancouver, and another in Montreal. You are aware that there are plans to open two additional offices in Ottawa and Quebec City.

You have asked Samantha, the Toronto office LAN administrator, for help in your analysis. However, Samantha has told you that she is very busy and not able to provide you with much support. She also indicates that there is little written documentation as to how the various offices are set up. Following is her brief description of the Toronto office. Later you will visit the Vancouver and Montreal offices to determine how they are configured. For now, Samantha tells you they have a similar, though smaller, set-up: Vancouver has 20 hosts and Montreal has 15 hosts. The corporate office in Toronto is the oldest. It has 30 hosts.

After four months of offices integration, the president McClain called you for a meeting with offices managers to listen to their network problems and complains they had received from some potential clients. Some of these problems are service unavailability for few seconds, some images and videos arrive corrupted, picture freezing, voice overlapping and so on. After this meeting, McClain requested you to review the Service Level Agreements (SLAs) with ISPs to overcome these problems. Beside, McClain requested you to put restriction on download some unnecessary and unrelated to the company function (as example you tubes) by some employees to avoid any momentary traffic peak over capacity.

You met with Samantha to assess the technical way she normally use to check the availability and latency for any host or router in the network. You learned from her that she still use Ping software built within the operating system. As the network expanded after integration, manually pinging a wide range of hosts and routers could take a prohibitive amount of time.

Just answer in general thank you.

Q3)      While you are reviewing the SLAs, the president McClain requested you to write on page explanation for Quality of Service Metrics (QoS) supported by examples. How will you manage this request?

Q5)      President McClain requested you to elaborate on this question;“What is the difference between rated speed, throughput and aggregate throughput?” Support you answers with practical examples

Q6)      Presidency McClain requested you to investigate occasional traffic spikes over the available capacity in some branches. Your investigation must include the frequent time of the day these spikes occur, the reasons, and your recommendations to overcome this problem in regards to cost and labor.

Answer 1

Q3) Qos metrics are objective system related characteristics that provides insight into the delivery of performance at network level. The Qos metrics include Throughput, bitrate, jiffer/ packet loss and latency

Throughout: It occurs when the client-side player receives the video data from the sender at a faster rate than playback.

Issue with throughput caused by things like outages, connectivity issues, or congestion, typically result in QoS problem.

As client complaints there is a voice overlapping, picture overlapping and video arrive corrupted is because of problem in the Qos metrics.

Bitrate: Measured in bits per second, the bit rate largely determines the quality of the video image. Here a corrupted video and picture overlapping.

Many content providers have opted to use Variable Bit Rate coding, which allocates a higher bitrate to more complex segments of media files that require more detail in display, and lower bit rates where less detail is required

Latency: Latency is the amount of time between the server delivery of the content and the display on the client-side player. Problem as voice overlapping occured here

Jiffer/packet loss: Jitter and packet loss result in reduced video quality and delays in video playback. Problem occured as corrupted video.

Jiffer affects the synchronization of transmission from server to receiver and packet loss can result in portions of the video content failing to reach the client and requiring a retransmission request

Q5) Rated speed, throughout and aggregated throughput

​​​​Rated speed: It gives the speed of network connection.For example, LAN networks with rated speed 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps are referring to the maximum amount of data that can pass through the cable per second.

Throughput:Throughput measures how many packets arrive at their destinations successfully. And mainly throughput capacity is measured in bits per second. For example: Network has a througput of 1Gbps.

Aggregated throughput: The system throughput or aggregate throughput is the sum of the data rates that are delivered to all terminals in a network.

Example: All the client should be able to enjoy high bit rate transmission during thier entire operation.

The difference between these terms are rated speed has the aspects of only the speed given by the network at any point of time and us just a promise.

Througput is the results of successful transmission that has occured. And aggregated throughput considers the throughput experienced by alll of the nodes in the network.

Q6) Occasional traffic spikes:

The time when traffic spikes occcur is when there is a increased use of bandwidth.

The increased use of band with occurs when scheduled backups are unning in LAN. As these backups are unavoidable tooand backups usually contain large amounts of data, they consume a large amount of the bandwidth in order to be quickly completed.

Using remote backup tools also cause a traffic spike as it involves huge amount of data uploading may be to a cloud or external server.

Software updates can heavily efffect the traffic spikes as all the system participate in downloading the updates for operating system, antivirus or some specific application and it is unavoidable.

Mail server problem : if anything goes wrong with the mail delivery, many mail servers are very persistent in trying to send out the messages over and over again.

And finally a hacking attempt or malware outbreak can also cause a spike in traffic

To identify the root cause of your unusual bandwidth usage the pattern has to find out thier time interval and analyze them using flow monitoring or packet jifffer and can make schedule with them

The solution to these spikes are scheduling the backups at non business hours , monitor for outbreaks and hacking if unusual spike occcurs, The updates can be made through LAN regularly to avoid updation on each system individually.