Answer :
Most of the research into ray tracing has centered on the problem of reducing the impact of the intersection calculations, either by reducing the number of intersection calculations by enclosing the groups of adjacent objects into a bounding volume, or reducing the number of intersection calculations by using space subdivision methods, or both.
Bounding volume method : It is one of the simplest ray tracing technique which works by ray tracing a boundary volume usually a box or a sphere which contains all the vertices of the grid, it is also the tightest volume surrounding the grid.
Space subdivison method : In this ray-tracing technique,the space is partitioned in an irregular manner to accomodate the objects as closely as possible.
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