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Determine the mass and volume of sludge produced and the volume of sludge as a percentage...

Determine the mass and volume of sludge produced and the volume of sludge as a percentage of the total flow from the use of alum [Al2(SO4)3·18H2O] for the removal of turbidity. Assume the following conditions apply: (1) flow rate is 0.05 m3/s, (2) average raw-water turbidity is 45 NTU, and (3) average alum dose is 40 mg/L, sludge solids concentration is 5 percent with a corresponding specific gravity of 1.05, and temperature is 10◦C. Assume the ratio between total suspended solids and turbidity expressed as NTU is 1.33 and 0.3kg of alum sludge is produced per kilogram of alum added. Assume 1 mg/L of a coagulant aid will also be used.

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