Question

1. Describe the following: building’s foundation, structural frame, exterior walls, windows

and doors, and roof, including typical problems that each of these building elements has.

2. Discuss FIVE (5) preventive maintenance of building’s foundation, structural frame, exterior

walls, windows and doors, and roof that measures hotel managers can take to keep these building

elements in good condition.

3. Based on your own experience in class, design one (1) kitchen that contains TEN (10) basic

elements.

Answer 1

QUESTION NO. 1) BUILDING FOUNDATION:Foundations provide support for structures,transferring their load to layers of soil or rock thathave sufficient bearing capacity and suitablesettlment chacteristics to support them

2)There are a very wide range of foundation types suitable for different applicaions,depending on considerations such as

a)The nature of the load rquiring support.

b)Grond conditions

c)The presence of water

d)Space availability

e)Accessibility

f)Sensitivityto noise and vibration

STRUCTURAL FRAME:1)The term structural frame in structural engineering refers to the load resisting sub system of a building or object.

2)Commonly used structrues can be classified into five major categories ,depending on the type of primary stress that may arise in the members of the structures under major design loads.

3)Tensile structures:Members of tensie structures are subject to pure tension under the acton of external loads.

4)compressive structures:Compression structures develop mainly compresive stresses under the action of axial loads.

5Shear structures:These are structures such as reinforced concrete or wooden shear walls,which are used in multistory buliding to reduce lateral movements due to wind loads and earthquake excitations.

EXTERIOR WALLS:1)Exterior walls can be finished with a wide array of materials and techniques.

2)Exterior wall finishes can produce significant savings for the contractor and building occupant alike,and many options are available to protect from fire,extremee heat and cold.

3)Browse throgh all of these options featuring advantages,tips,benefits and cost savings solutions for materials used in buiding construction.

WINDOWS AND DOORS:DOORS-1)A door may be defined as an optopn able barrier or as a framework of wood, steel.aluminium,or a combinatin of these materials secured in a opening.

2)It is provided to givee access to the inside of a room of a building.

3)They act as a barrier to noise.

WINDOWS:1)In this type,the glass plane is permanently fixed in the opening of the wall.

2)The shutter cant be opened or closed.

3)The function is limited to allowing light and or permit vision in the room.

4)The shutters are fully glazed.

5)In homes they ar generally decorative windows near doors,stairwells and high-places or are used in combination with other styles.

ROOF:1)A roof is a structure forming the upper covering of a building or other shelter.

2)Its primary purpose is generally to provide protection from the elements,but it may also contribute to safety,security,privacy,insulation,and so on.

3)Roofs may have openings or windows within them to allow light into the buildings , as well as provinding,access,ventilation,views,and so on.

QUESTION NO. 2) PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR BUILDING FOUNDATION:1)For property owners and facility managers,protecting long terms investments and concrete structures like parking lots,garages,decks,and roofs is vital to ensuring their safety and longevity.

2)Concrete coatings provide an ideal solution to protect properties and ensure safety,maintain property values, and avoid costly restoration.

3)Epoxy and urethane coatings are designed to make concrete decks watertight,durable,flexible,and ready to meet demanding conditions.

4)Elatomeric systems provde insulation.UV protection ,and resistance to color fading ,oil,and mildew.

5)If these problems are ignored or are not prevented, a building's useful life can be cut short.

MEASURES FOR STRUCTURAL FRAME1)Maintenance is an essesntial t ensure that buildings and other built assets present a good apperance and operate a optimum efficiency.

2)Maintain structural stability and safety.

3)Prevent unnecessary damage from the weather or from general usage.

4)Help inform plans for renovation,refurbishment,retrofittinf or new buildings.

5)Ensure continued compliance with statutory requirements.

MEASURES FOR EXTERIOR WALLS:1)The inspection and the execution,said sheehan.During inspction of a building's exterior ,some of the more complex structures may require special access and assistance from a contractor.

2)Decaying leaves,pine needled and dir run-off can all contribute to ponding water and clogged gutters and downpouts,which is why it is essential that all roof drains remain clear of obstructions.

3)The exterior walls of a building can be significant source of unwanted water leakage.

4)Building conrol and expansion joints-Like any other elemnts of a structure.its controls and expansion jots can becom damaged.

5)Water damage to exterior and interior walls can be significant if these important elements are not maintained properly.

MEASURES FOR WINDOWS AND DOORS:1)Inspect your windows annually.

2)An annual homee check-up is a crucial part of preventative home maintenance.

3)Clean nd lubricate tracks regularly.

4)If you live near the ocean,take extra precautions.

5)ay close attention to the cauking.

MEASURES FOR ROOF:1)Its extends the roof;s life,which offers multiple advantages.

2)If you are planning to occupy your building longer than that , the cost of re-recovering or replacing your roof 5-10 years early will add up quickly.

3)Roofs leaks lead to rusted steel or rotting wood that can compromise your facility;s structural integrity,requring a costly fix.

4)The contents of your building are probably worth more than the cost of a roof repair.

5)A lack of leaks also means fewer leak calls,making your lifee easier and allowing you to budget for planned roof maintenance instead of wasting money responding to emergencies.

QUESTION NO. 3) TEN BASIC ELEMENTS FOR DESIGN A KITCHEN:

1)KITCHEN TRIANGLE OBSTRUCTION.

2)WASTED STORAGE SPACE.

3)NOT ENOUGH COUNTER SPACE.

4)BAD LIGHTING.

5)SKIPPING THE BACKSPLASH.

6)POOR VENTILATION.

7)CHOOSING THE WRONG KITCHEN ISLAND.

8)IGNORING YOUR RECYCLING.

9)GOING TOO TRENDY.

10)NOT WORKING WITH KITCHEN DESIGN PROFESSINALS.