Question

1. Write the Manning’s equation in US customary units
   1. Define each parameter in Manning’s equation
   2. Write the units for each parameter in the Manning’s equation
   3. What are the units of Manning’s roughness coefficient (n)?

2. A circular PVC pipe has a slope of a 0.001. The diameter of the pipe is 16 inches.
   1. What is the Manning’s roughness coefficient? Cite your sources.
   2. Compute the hydraulic radius for the pipe
   3. What is the flowrate (Q) through the pipe?
3. What are the different processes in water treatment? Explain the purpose of each process.

Answer 1

the different processes in water treatment are :

1) Screening: the main function of screening is to remove big and visible objects from water.

2) sedimentation: the main function served by this is to remove finer particles.

3) filtration: suspended particles are removed in this process

4) disinfection: in this process the pathogenic baecterias are removed.

5) Aeration: tasty and odourless water is obtained by adding certain oxygeneous compounds.

6) Softening: in this process hardness is kept with permissible limits

7) fluoridation , recarbonation, liming , desalination etc processes are done to make water still potable and drinkable