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While X-rays can penetrate well into the bulk of the sample, XPS is only sensitive to...

While X-rays can penetrate well into the bulk of the sample, XPS is only sensitive to the top few nanometers of the material. Why?

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Answer #1

This technique is based on the photoelectric effect. When a material is eradicated with X rays , photoelectrons are ejected from the surface . The technique is inherently surface sensitive beacuse X ray first collides with he surface electron and then reaches ro the inside part . Therefore the majority of signal detected originated from the outer 1 to 10 nm of the sample.

Xps is therefore result of the first interaction .

On the other hand the second interaction described above I.e colliding of X rays with the inner electron and then scattering of X rays is used to study the crystalline structure .

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