Question

1)Ho do physical observations and the shape of molecules allow us to predict what types of intermolecular forces dominate in a mixture?

2)is isopropanol soluble in water? how do you know? identify the major intermolecular force which you think leads your observed outcome

3)comparing a yellow and blue colored solution containing ammonium sulfate, water and isopropanol, would you say that the dyes have a stronger attraction to isopropanol or to the water when the salt is present? does the presence of ammonium sulfate affect them all equally?

Answer 1

1) the strength of intermolecular forces is

ionic forces > Hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interaction > van der Waals interaction

so ionic forces strongly held the molecules together.and this van der Waals interaction very loosely held the molecules together .

so mostly solid salt are held together by ionic forces.liquid by hydrogen bonding (higher boiling point) or dipole-dipole interaction (lower boiling point) and gases by van der Waals interaction.

molecules held by ionic forces have a definite shape but others don't have.

2) yes isopropanol soluble in water .since the isopropanol has an alcohol group and small carbon chain length so it can easily form hydrogen bonding with water and hence soluble in water .

hydrogen bonding is the major intermolecular force that makes isopropanol soluble in water.