Provide examples of compounds that have bonds that are (a) ionic, (b) polar covalent, and (c) non polar covalent. Use electronegativity values to calculate.
(a) ionic compounds --> are formed mainly because donation/acceptance of electron between the species
a species tha has donated electrons --> cation, +
a species tha has accepted electrons --> anion, +
Typical examples are:
NaCl, CaBr2
EN - NaCl =(Cl - Na) = 2.83 - 1.01 = 1.82
EN -CaBr2 =(Br- Ca) = 2.74 - 1.04 = 1.70
As long as EN > 1.6 ; this will be IONIC
(b) polar covalent,
Polar covalent examples are:
CH3-OH (ethanol) -->
C6H12O6 (glucose) --> (check out bonds)
EN = (C-H ) = 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4
EN = (O-C ) = 3.5-2.5 = 1.0
EN =(O-H) = 3.5-2.1 = 1.4
Since
0.5 < EN < 1.6 --> this is polar,
(c) non polar covalent.
Examples are
Cl2
EN = 3-3 = 0 this is nonpolar
CH4
EN = 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4; this is nonpolar
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