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What is meant by the term “futile cycle”? Show an example of a pair of futile...

What is meant by the term “futile cycle”? Show an example of a pair of futile cycle reactions from glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

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futile cycling is a set of reactions (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) which are catalyzed by different enzymes that normally function in two different metabolic path ways. These reactions lead to hydrolysis of ATP and heat is generated.

during glycolysis , the enzyme phosphofructokinase catalyzes the ATP reaction and is shown below

ATP +fructose- 6 phosphate ( enzyme) ----> ADP + fructose 1-6biphosphate

durng gluconeogenesis

fructose 1-6 biphosphate+ H2O ---> fructose 6 phosphate ( catalyzed by the fructose 1,6 biphosphate itself)+Pi

the net reactino is ATP+ H2O --> ADP+ Pi+ heat

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