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For an atom of any elements. What atomic orbitals contain electrons with the highest energy? Excluding...

For an atom of any elements. What atomic orbitals contain electrons with the highest energy? Excluding Hydrogen.

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Answer #1

For any main quantum nuber n, orbitals with quantum number l=n-1 (the last orbital or valence orbital) - contain electrons with the highest energy.

Any electron can be characterized by four quantum numbers - things derived from Schredinger equation solution. Among them, energy of electron described by main (n) quantum number and l (described as 0,1,2 ... n-1) - the highest n, more energy of electron. For example, electrons on the highest level of K - 3s-electron has higher energy than electron of 2p. 3s - the last electron, or valence, it much far rfom nucleus.

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