Question

Substituents on an aromatic ring can have several effects on electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituents can activate or deactivate the ring to substitution, donate or withdraw electrons inductively, donate or withdraw electrons through resonance, and direct substitution either to the ortho/para or to the meta positions. From the following lists, select the substituents that have the indicated property. The substituents are written as -XY, where X is the atom directly bound to the aromatic ring.

Ortho/para-directed substitution:

-COOH

-NO2

-F

-OH

-OCH3

Answer 1

-COOH is a electron withdrawing group. so it is meta-directing.

-NO2 is electron withdrawing group. so it is meta-directing.

-F has -I (inductive) effect but when it is attached to the benzene ring its resonance effect is more prominant than inductive effect. so it is ortho and para directing group.

-OH is electron donating group on benzene ring . so it is ortho and para directing group.

-OCH3 group is electron donating on benzene ring. so it is ortho and para directing group.