Question

State the number of electrons than must be gained or lost by atoms of each of the following elements to acquire a full octet ( a noble gas electron arrangement). Be sure, if the electrons were or lost.

Element	Number of electrons	Were the electrons gained or lost
Phosphorus (p)
Magnesium (Mg)
Chlorine (CI)
Sodium (Na)

Answer 1

Phosphorus :- Phosphorous has atomic number 15 and it looses 5 electrons to acquire octet rule. It's configuration become equal to Ne.These 5 electrons are from 3p³ 3s² orbitals.

Magnesium :-Magesium has atomic number 12 and it looses 2 electrons to acquire octet rule. It's configuration become equal to Ne. These 2 electrons are from3s² orbital.

Chlorine :- Chlorine has atomic number 17 and it gains 1 electron to acquire octet rule. It's configuration become equal to Ar Theis 1 electron will be added to 3p5 to become 3p6  .

Sodium :-Sodium has atomic number 11 and it looses 1 electrons to acquire octet rule. It's configuration become equal to Ne. This 1 electron is from3s¹ orbital.