Question

7.Describe in your own words how one determines formal charge using dot structures?

8.What is the specific heat of a substance that it takes 192 Joules to raise the temperature of 45 grams by 6 degrees Celsius?

9.Name one condition whereas a gas does not behave in an ideal way.

Answer 1

7) Formal Charge = [number of valence electrons on atom] – [number of non-bonded electrons + number of bonds]

so if we know hte dot structure then we know the valence electrons on atom , non bonded electrons and number of bonds

For example, let us see CO2

Valence electrons = 6 [For oxygen atom]

Non bonded electrons = 4

Number of bonds = 2

Formal charge= 6 - (4+2) = 0

8) The specific heat of substance is heat required to raise the temperature by 1⁰C of 1gram.

heat = Mass of substance X Specific heat X change in temperature

192 = 45 X specific heat X 6

specific heat = 0.71 J / g ⁰C

9) At very high pressure a gas does not behave in an ideal way. At high pressure the intermolecular distances become smaller. Thus the volume occupied by gas molecules is no more negligible as compared to volume of conatiner. Hence the gas will not behave ideal.